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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a conformidade do cuidado oferecido pela Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho-RJ às recomendações das Diretrizes Nacionais de Assistência ao Parto Normal. Estudo transversal descritivo com 952 observações, no período de 2014 a 2018. Análise de conformidade através de matriz de julgamento e classificada como conformidade total (≥75,0%), conformidade parcial (50,0%-74,9%), conformidade incipiente (49,9%-25,0%) e não conformidade (menor que 24,9%). Os resultados da matriz de julgamento mostram que o cuidado na atenção ao trabalho de parto, parto e assistência ao recém-nascido apresenta conformidade total em relação às recomendações das Diretrizes. O cuidado na Casa de Parto, conduzido por enfermeiras obstétricas, segue as recomendações das diretrizes nacionais, e vem evidenciando uma prática desmedicalizada, autônoma, que respeita a fisiologia do parto. Desenvolvem também um modelo de tecnologias próprias de cuidar, constituindo as tecnologias não invasivas de cuidado de enfermagem obstétrica.
Abstract The scope of this article is to analyze the compliance of the care offered by Casa de Parto David Capistrano Filho-RJ with the recommendations of the National Guidelines for Care in Natural Childbirth. It involved a descriptive cross-sectional study with 952 observations, from 2014 to 2018. This included analysis of compliance using a judgment matrix and then classified as total compliance (≥75.0%), partial compliance (50.0%-74.9%), incipient compliance (49.9%-25.0%) and non-compliance (less than 24.9%). The results of the judgment matrix show that care in the aspects of labor, delivery and newborn care is in full compliance with the recommendations of the Guidelines. The care at the Casa de Parto Birth Center, conducted by obstetric nurses, follows the recommendations of the national guidelines, and has been seen to incorporate a de-medicalized, personalized form of care, which respects the physiology of childbirth. They also develop a model of their own technologies of care, constituting non-invasive technologies of obstetric nursing care.
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With the acceleration of social rhythm， the progress of science and technology， and the increase of the number of phubbers， the incidence of cervical degenerative diseases is also increasing year by year. Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy（CSR）， as one of the diseases induced by cervical degeneration， has seriously affected people's quality of life and physical and mental health. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） is effective in the treatment of CSR， but the theoretical and basic experimental evidence is not sufficient， and the current formulation standard of animal model is not unified. Therefore， based on the clinical guidelines of Chinese and Western medicine for CSR and the characteristics of the disease and syndrome， the author systematically summarized and analyzed the existing animal models， and found that the existing models of microvascular clamp nerve root compression method had a poor agreement with the the Chinese and Western medical guidelines， while the modeling methods of spinal canal insertion， autologous bone insertion compression， stainless steel column compression， and fixed frame cervical degeneration reflected a high degree of agreement in the Western medical guidelines. However， the Chinese medical diagnostic criteria were poorly matched. This indicates that the existing animal models of this disease show few TCM syndrome elements， and lack information collection and evaluation in animal behavioral evaluation similar to the four diagnoses of TCM. In conclusion， this paper aims to systematically evaluate the current status of animal model establishment of CSR based on the concept of combination of disease and syndrome， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the model establishment of CSR that is more consistent with clinical characteristics and symptoms of Chinese and Western medicine.
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Drug-induced liver injury influencing factors are complex and have diverse clinical manifestations. Simple and reliable diagnostic methods are still deficient, and further classification of toxicological mechanisms is required. There are numerous pertinent discrepancies between domestic and international guidelines aimed at drug-induced liver injury diagnosis and treatment, with partial to no consensus on the content. The American Gastroenterological Association's 2021 Clinical Guidelines, the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver's 2021 Consensus Guidelines, the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences' 2020 International Consensus, the European Society's Hepatology Committee's 2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the 2015 Chinese Medical Association Guidelines are five influential clinical guidelines on drug-induced liver injury at home and abroad. The epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment management, and other contents, particularly traditional Chinese medicine, were compared and analyzed using other relevant consensus opinions or guidelines in order to improve understanding and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced liver injury.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/therapy , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is one of the most common hepatic diseases in individuals with overweight or obesity. In this context, a panel of experts from three medical societies was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD. Material and methods: A MEDLINE search was performed to identify randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, cohort studies, observational studies, and other relevant studies on NAFLD. In the absence of studies on a certain topic or when the quality of the study was not adequate, the opinion of experts was adopted. Classes of Recommendation and Levels of Evidence were determined using prespecified criteria. Results: Based on the literature review, 48 specific recommendations were elaborated, including 11 on screening and diagnosis, 9 on follow-up, 14 on nonpharmacologic treatment, and 14 on pharmacologic and surgical treatment. Conclusions: A literature search allowed the development of evidence-based guidelines on the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of MASLD in individuals with overweight or obesity.
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En 2015 se publicaron en Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría las "Nuevas recomendaciones frente a las actuales controversias en infección urinaria". Dado que en estos años surgieron evidencias con respecto al diagnóstico, la forma de estudio y el tratamiento de la infección urinaria, el Comité de Nefrología Pediátrica de la Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría decidió actualizar dichas recomendaciones. El objetivo principal es brindar al pediatra las herramientas para realizar un correcto diagnóstico, definir el tratamiento más adecuado, seleccionar a los pacientes que se beneficiarán con la profilaxis antibiótica y decidir cuáles serán los estudios de imágenes necesarios, para evitar intervenciones costosas e invasivas. En estas guías se incluyen, además, los lineamientos para el manejo de niños con infecciones urinarias asociadas a situaciones especiales como la disfunción vesicointestinal, el recién nacido, los portadores de vejiga neurogénica, los receptores de trasplante renal y las infecciones urinarias micóticas.
In 2015, the "New recommendations regarding the current controversies in urinary infection" were published in the Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría. Given the fact that in these past years, new evidence has emerged regarding the diagnosis and treatment of urinary infection, the Pediatric Nephrology Committee of Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría has decided to update these recommendations. The main goal is to provide the pediatrician with the necessary tools to make a correct diagnosis, define the most appropriate treatment, select the patients who will benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis, and decide which imaging studies will be necessary, avoiding costly and invasive interventions. These guidelines also include the management of children with urinary tract infections associated with special situations such as: bladder bowel dysfunction, the newborn, children with neurogenic bladder, kidney transplant patients and fungal urinary tract infections.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/therapy , ArgentinaABSTRACT
Resumen La neumonía sigue siendo una de las principales causas de consulta y de hospitalización a la que, además de su un alto impacto en términos de morbilidad y mortalidad, se suma la actual problemática de resistencia a los antimicrobianos, por lo que establecer directrices que permitan su adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento es de gran importancia para obtener mejores desenlaces clínicos y promover un uso racional de antibióticos en estos pacientes. La presente guía de práctica clínica (GPC) contiene recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en adultos, las cuales fueron realizadas mediante el proceso de adaptación de GPC basadas en la evidencia para el contexto colombiano.
Abstract Pneumonia continues to be one of the main causes of consultation and hospitalization to which, besides its high impact on morbidity and mortality, the current problem of antimicrobial resistance is added; thus, establishing guidelines that allow its adequate diagnosis and treatment is of great importance to obtain better clinical outcomes and promote a rational use of antibiotics in these patients. This clinical practice guideline (CPG) contains evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in adult population; these recommendations were made by means of the process of adaptation of evidence-based CPGs for the Colombian context.
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Abstract Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands and other organs, associated with sicca syndrome but also with systemic involvement with varying degrees of severity. Despite their importance, some systemic manifestations, mainly liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic are not routinely evaluated. To address these manifestations, the Sjögren's Syndrome Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology conducted a broad systematic review of the literature on studies investigating prevalence and diagnosis of these symptoms in Sjogren´s patients and made recommendations based on the findings. Agreement between the experts was achieved using the Delphi method. This is the second part of this guideline, providing 6 recommendations for liver, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic care of SS patients.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the performance of risk stratification protocols for febrile neutropenia specific to the pediatric population. Methods Retrospective study of a cohort of pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment with episodes of neutropenia due to chemotherapy and fever, treated at the emergency department of a tertiary cancer hospital from January 2015 to June 2017. Patients who were bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with neutropenia due to causes other than chemotherapy were excluded. Six protocols were applied to all patients: Rackoff, Alexander, Santolaya, Rondinelli, Ammann 2003, and Ammann 2010. The following outcomes were assessed: microbiological infection, death, ICU admission, and need for more than two antibiotics. The performance of each protocol was analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Results This study evaluated 199 episodes of febrile neutropenia in 118 patients. Microbiological infection was identified in 70 samples from 45 distinct episodes (22.6%), 30 patients used more than two antibiotics during treatment (15%), eight required ICU admission (4%), and one patient died (0.8%). Three protocols achieved high sensitivity indices and NPV regarding the outcomes of death and ICU admission: Alexander, Rackoff, and Ammann 2010; however, Rackoff showed higher sensitivity (0.82) and NPV (0.9) in relation to the microbiological infection outcome. Conclusion The Rackoff risk rating showed the best performance in relation to microbiological infection, death, and ICU admission, making it eligible for prospective evaluation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Febrile Neutropenia , Neoplasms/complications , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
Abstract Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections have increased in recent years. Colombia has become an endemic country for this group of microorganisms, and the infections they cause have a serious impact in terms of morbidity and mortality. The early identification of CPE carriers who are admitted to health care centers as patients is necessary to implement adequate isolation and infection control measures to limit the spread of this type of microorganisms in hospitals. Furthermore, treating these infections is a challenging task due to the limited therapeutic alternatives available and the fact that there are only a few studies proving their effectiveness in this setting. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the screening of patients at risk of CPE colonization and the treatment of inpatients with suspected or confirmed infections caused by this type of bacteria through a CPG adaptation process based on the ADAPTE methodology. With this purpose in mind, evidence-informed recommendations for the screening and timely identification of CPE carriers admitted to hospitals are made, as well as for the adequate pharmacological treatment of CPE infections in this context.
Resumen Las infecciones por Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas (EPC) han aumentado en los últimos años. Colombia se ha convertido en un país endémico para este grupo de microorganismos y las infecciones que causan tienen un impacto importante en términos de morbimortalidad. La identificación temprana de los portadores de EPC que ingresan como pacientes a las instituciones de salud es necesaria para implementar medidas de aislamiento y control de infecciones adecuadas que limiten la diseminación de este tipo de microorganismos en los hospitales. Además, el tratamiento de estas infecciones es difícil debido a las limitadas alternativas terapéuticas disponibles y la escasez de estudios que demuestren su efectividad en este escenario. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar una guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para la tamización de pacientes con riesgo de colonización por EPC y para el manejo de pacientes con infecciones, ya sea sospechadas o confirmadas, causadas por este tipo de bacterias, mediante un proceso de adaptación de GPC basado en la metodología ADAPTE. Con este propósito en mente, se hacen recomendaciones informadas en evidencia para realizar la tamización y oportuna identificación de portadores de EPC admitidos en instituciones hospitalarias, así como para el adecuado manejo farmacológico de las infecciones por CPE en este escenario.
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El asma leve-moderada representa la mayor proporción de niños y adolescentes con asma en el mundo. Durante más de 25 años el tratamiento del asma permaneció invariable en torno al uso de controladores y rescatadores. Recientemente, diversas guías clínicas y sociedades científicas publicaron actualizaciones en torno al tratamiento de los pasos 1, 2 y 3 según GINA; existiendo diferencias y coincidencias entre ellas, a pesar de usar la misma evidencia publicada disponible. Este artículo de revisión se enfoca en tres guías clínicas qué por su popularidad y fácil acceso, son consultadas por diversos profesionales de la salud mostrando los principales cambios introducidos respecto a su edición previa y analizando brevemente la evidencia que existe detrás de estas recomendaciones. Finalmente se presenta un análisis de las principales limitaciones, contradicciones y aspectos aún por resolver.
Mild-moderate asthma represents the highest proportion of children and adolescents with asthma in the world. For more than 25 years, asthma treatment remained unchanged around the use of controllers and relievers. Recently, many clinical guidelines and scientific societies have published updates regarding the treatment of steps 1,2 and 3 according to GINA, with differences and coincidences between them, despite using the same available published evidence. This review article focuses on three clinical guides which, due to their popularity and easy access, are consulted by various health professionals, showing the main changes introduced compared to their previous edition and analyzing briefly the evidence behind these recommendations. Finally, an analysis of the main limitations, contradictions and aspects still to be resolved is presented.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/drug therapy , Practice GuidelineABSTRACT
Al comienzo de la pandemia COVID-19 se implementaron pautas clínicas restrictivas de la asistencia que incluyeron los Servicios de Electrofisiología (SEF). Objetivo: analizar la actividad asistencial y conocer la situación de los SEF en Latinoamérica a dos meses de iniciadas las restricciones. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo-analítico y transversal, utilizando una encuesta a médicos electrofisiólogos en marzo/2020. Se comparó la actividad clínica e invasiva que se realizaba antes y durante la pandemia. Resultados: se incluyeron 147 encuestas, de 74 ciudades y 18 países de Latinoamérica. Los actos clínicos semanales se redujeron de 75 (45/127) a 20 (10/40) (p<0,001), bajaron 71%. Los procedimientos invasivos mensuales se redujeron de 26 (13/39) a 4 (2/9) (p<0,001), bajaron 77%. El 49% encuestado trabajaban en ≥3 centros asistenciales y 89% compartía laboratorio con un servicio de hemodinamia. La ocupación de camas en los hospitales era baja 37%, intermedia 28% y alta 35%. El 30% refirió algún médico de su equipo fue puesto en cuarentena por infección/contacto. El 53% refirió no se hacía ninguna prueba de tamizaje a los pacientes previa a los procedimientos y 77% al personal. La mayoría percibía dificultades como importantes o muy importantes, pero 63% estaba considerando la reapertura al funcionamiento normal. Conclusiones: hubo una reducción importante de la actividad clínica e invasiva. La mayoría no tenía alta ocupación de camas. Los encuestados trabajaban en varios centros y en salas de hemodinamia. Aún no se habían implementado totalmente las medidas de prevención. Existía la percepción de que en poco tiempo se retomaría la normalidad
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive clinical guidelines were implemented, including Electrophysiology Services (EFS). Objectives: analyze the healthcare activity and to know the situation of the EFS in Latin America two months after the restrictions began. Method: descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional observational study, using a survey of electrophysiologists in March / 2020. The clinical and invasive activity carried out before and during the pandemic was compared. Results: 147 surveys were included, from 74 cities in 18 Latin American countries. Weekly clinical events were reduced from 75 (45/127) to 20 (10/40) (p <0.001), they fell 71%. Monthly invasive procedures were reduced from 26 (13/39) to 4 (2/9) (p <0.001), down 77%. Forty-nine percent surveyed worked in ≥3 healthcare centers and 89% shared a laboratory with a hemodynamic service. Hospital bed occupancy was low 37%, intermediate 28% and high 35%. Thirty percent referred a doctor from their team was quarantined for infection / contact. Fifty-three percent reported that no screening test was done on the patients prior to the procedures and 77% on the staff. Most perceived difficulties as important or very important, but 63% were considering reopening to normal functioning. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in clinical and invasive activity. Most did not have high bed occupancy. Respondents worked in various centers and in hemodynamic rooms. Prevention measures had not yet been fully implemented yet. There was a perception that in a short time normality would return.
No início da pandemia de COVID-19 foram implementadas diretrizes clínicas, incluindo os Serviços de Eletrofisiologia (SEF). Objetivo: analisar a atividade assistencial e conhecer a situação do SEF na América Latina dois meses após o início das restrições. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico e observacional transversal, por meio de questionário com eletrofisiologistas em março / 2020. Foi comparada a atividade clínica e invasiva realizada antes e durante a pandemia. Resultados: foram incluídos 147 inquéritos, de 74 cidades e 18 países latino-americanos. O número de procedimentos semanais foi reduzido de 75 (45/127) para 20 (10/40) (p <0,001), com redução de 71%. Os procedimentos invasivos mensais foram reduzidos de 26 (13/39) para 4 (2/9) (p <0,001), com redução de 77%. Dos eletrofisiologistas que responderam ao questionário, 49% trabalhavam em 3 ou mais centros, e 89% compartilhavam o laboratório com serviço de hemodinâmica. A ocupação de leitos hospitalares foi baixa em 37%, intermediária em 28% e alta em 35%. Dos que responderam al questionário, 30% relataram que um médico de sua equipe foi colocado em quarentena por infecção ou contato. Foi relatado que, dentre os que responderam, 53% não realizava teste de triagem nos pacientes antes dos procedimentos, e em 77% na equipe. A maioria percebeu as dificuldades como importantes ou muito importantes, mas 63% consideravam a reabertura ao funcionamento. Conclusões: houve redução significativa da atividade clínica e invasiva. A maioria não tinha grande ocupação de leitos. Os entrevistados trabalhavam em vários centros e em salas de hemodinâmica. As medidas de prevenção ainda não haviam sido totalmente implementadas, porém havia a percepção de que em pouco tempo a normalidade voltaria
Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiology Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Cardiac Electrophysiology/statistics & numerical data , Pandemics , Patient Care/statistics & numerical data , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Care Surveys , Observational Study , COVID-19/prevention & control , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
Resumen El hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) es la enfermedad hepática crónica más frecuente en todo el mundo, con una prevalencia aproximada de 25% a nivel global. Su prevalencia es mucho mayor en pacientes con sobrepeso, obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 y es considerada como la manifestación hepática del síndrome metabólico. El espectro de la enfermedad hepática es muy amplio, desde la esteatosis simple a la esteatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrosis y sus complicaciones, como el hepatocarcinoma. La mayoría de los pacientes afectados no progresará a la fibrosis avanzada/cirrosis. A pesar de esto, se ha descripto que la hepatopatía es la tercera causa de muerte entre los pacientes con HGNA, luego de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y las malignas. Entre la enorme cantidad de afectados, lo más importante es identificar a los que están en riesgo de evolución a la cirrosis o sus complicaciones y conocer las opciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento. En esta Guía organizada por la Asociación Argentina para el Estudio de las Enfermedades del Hígado se revisan las definiciones, los aspectos epidemiológicos, la historia natural y un enfoque práctico sobre algoritmos posibles para estimar la gravedad de la hepatopatía en cada caso, además de analizar los avances en el tratamiento y recomendaciones para el seguimiento. Es importante señalar que no se han publicado datos sobre incidencia o prevalencia de la enfermedad en población general de Argentina, y se alienta a la realización de los mismos.
Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide, with an estimated global prevalence of approximately 25%, that is much higher in patients with overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. It has a wide spectrum, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and its complications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Most of the affected patients will not evolve to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Despite this, it has been described that the hepatic disease is the third cause of death among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, after cardiovascular and malignant diseases. Among the huge number of patients affected, the main challenge is to identify those who are at risk of developing cirrhosis or its complications and to recognize the diagnostic and treatment options. In this Guideline, endorsed by the Argentine Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the definitions, epidemiological aspects, natural history and a practical approach to possible algorithms to estimate the severity of liver disease in the individual patient are reviewed; in addition to analyzing advances in treatment and proposing recommendations for follow-up. It is important to note that no data on the incidence or prevalence of the disease have been published in the general population of Argentina, and it is encouraged to carry them out.
Subject(s)
Humans , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Argentina , Risk Factors , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Liver , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the results of Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) for clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation. Methods:Clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were systematically retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang database and the guideline-related websites until January 11, 2020. Two researchers independently screened guidelines using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), and extracted and analyzed the results. Results:A total of 83 clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation were included, in which 46 (55.4%) applied grading systems. Only four (4.8%) guidelines applied GRADE, including 44 recommendations, in which 39 guidelines (88.6%) had quality of evidence. Among the evidences citied in the recommendations, low quality evidences were the most (34.1%); among the recommendations, weak recommendations were more (56.8%). The quality of strong recommendation supporting evidence was higher than that of weak recommendation (χ2 = 8.218,P < 0.05). Conclusion:The application of the GRADE grading system in clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation remains to be improved. It is proposed for guideline makers to further implement the methodology of guidelines and GRADE to improve the reliability and applicability of the clinical practice guidelines of rehabilitation more effectively.
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@#Early and mid-stage esophageal cancer can achieve a particular effect through surgeries or comprehensive treatment based on surgery. Once the esophageal cancer progresses to the advanced stage, it is still lack of effective remedy for the disease, and the patient's prognosis is poor. Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years, bringing dawn to patients with advanced esophageal cancer. On July 31, 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved KEYTRUDA (Merck) for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it became the first milestone drug for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In the paper, we will review the progress of immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer on the basis of current clinical researches, which might provide ideas for further studies in the immunotherapy for esophageal cancer.
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According to the latest research progress at home and abroad, and the domestic situation, China Diabetic Cellular and Interventional Therapy Technology Alliance forDiabetic Foot developed and issued the fifth edition of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, which covers domestic evidence,references foreign evidence, and reflects the progress in China. The interpretation focuses on the updated key points.
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According to the latest research progress at home and abroad, and the domestic situation, China Diabetic Cellular and Interventional Therapy Technology Alliance forDiabetic Foot developed and issued the fifth edition of clinical guidelines for comprehensive interventional diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot, which covers domestic evidence,references foreign evidence, and reflects the progress in China. The interpretation focuses on the updated key points.
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Resumen Lograr la recuperación funcional lo más tempranamente posible en el tratamiento de una depresión monopolar es un desafío que los clínicos de hoy no pueden eludir, pues el retardo en conseguir la remisión sintomática predice mayor número de recaídas y mayor morbimortalidad. Saber cómo escoger, combinar o secuenciar las diferentes estrategias psicofarmacológicas disponibles, como lo son la optimización y el cambio de un antidepresivo son preguntas frecuentes en la práctica cotidiana. Esta revisión comprensiva pretende dilucidar cuándo un clínico deberá optimizar o cambiar un tratamiento antidepresivo en un paciente con un episodio depresivo monopolar que acude a control a las dos a cuatro semanas desde el inicio de su tratamiento, reportando una respuesta parcial al fármaco inicialmente elegido. Analizar adecuadamente los dominios sintomáticos presentes, tener una visión crítica de las guías clínicas imperantes hoy en día y ser enérgico, pero lúcido en esta etapa temprana del tratamiento son, a nuestro juicio, elementos fundamentales para conseguir una recuperación "ad integrum" de nuestros pacientes.
In the current management of monopolar depression, achieving functional recovery as early as possible is a challenge that today's clinicians cannot evade, as the delay in symptom remission predicts a higher number of relapses and increased morbidity and mortality. Knowing how to choose, combine or sequence different psychopharmacological strategies, such as optimization or switching of an antidepressant are frequent questions in everyday clinical practice. This reflective review aims to elucidate when the clinician should optimize or switch an antidepressant treatment in a patient with a monopolar depressive episode that goes to a regular appointment after two to four weeks since the onset of treatment and reports partial response to the initially chosen drug. An adequate analysis of symptomatic domains, having a critical view of contemporary clinical guidelines, and maintaining an active but lucid approach at this early stage of treatment are, in our opinion, fundamental elements for the pursuit of an "ad integrum" recovery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Depression , Antidepressive AgentsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Antimicrobial therapy is an integral part of an acceptable clinical practice in Obstetrics and Gynecology. However, in order for these antimicrobials to deliver the desired clinical outcome, the practice of judicious antibiotic stewardship should be observed. The objective of the study was 1.) To determine the proportion of pregnant women admitted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology who received antibiotics from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018, 2.) To determine the proportion of indications for antibiotic administration, 3.) To determine if indications for antimicrobial usage is in accordance with the clinical case, policy guidelines, culture results and antibiogram report, 4.) To determine the percentage of cases not given antimicrobials that should have been started on antimicrobial therapy, 5.) To compare the association of the clinical outcomes among patients given and not given antimicrobials, 6.) To compare the association of the immediate neonatal outcomes among pregnant patients given and not given antimicrobials.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was done covering a period of 1 year from January to December 2018. The study included all pregnant patients who were admitted and listed based from the master list of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Included are all the retrieval charts from the records sections whereas gynecologic and those cases with medical records not retrieved were excluded. A total of 3,495 obstetrics patients admitted from January to December 2018 were retrospectively studied. From this group, the complete medical records of 1,092 obstetrics patients were retrieved and included in this study. Detailed clinical information, antibiotics administered, diagnostic and other relevant investigations, and clinical outcomes were recorded from case sheets. After the data were collected from patients' medical records, datas were manually entered into an electronic spreadsheet file, and the data processing and analysis were then carried out using statistical software Stata 13.@*RESULTS@#There were 1,092 women included in the current study with more than half of them administered or received antibiotics as part of their regimen (n = 663, 60.71 %) compared to those not administered antibiotics (n = 429, 39.29%). The results showed that the prevalence of obstetric patients (undelivered, delivered, ectopic pregnancy and abortion) prescribed and given antibiotics was between 57.75 to 63.62 per cent. There was no association between the comparison groups in terms of age (x 2 : 3.62, p: 0.31 ), marital status (x2 : 1.29, p: 0.26), body mass index classification (x 2 : 6.88, p: 0.08), hemoglobin level (x 2 : 1.74, p: 0.19), and number of prenatal consults (x2 : 3.13, p: 0.21 . There was a significantly higher proportion of women who delivered abdominally that were administered antibiotics (x 2 : 32.45, p<0.01) as compared to women who delivered vaginally (spontaneous or assisted), admitted due to ectopic pregnancy, abortion, and medical management. Cephalosporins are the most widely used antibiotics. Cefazolin (60.48%) followed by Cefuroxime (39.97%) were commonly used for pre-operative prophylaxis and urinary tract infection. Other commonly used antibiotics are Clindamycin (3.62%), Ampicillin (3.47%), Amikacin (2.56%), Ceftriaxone (2.11 %) and Doxycycline (1 .81 %). In 803 of cases (74.15%), reason for administration was not recorded in the chart and stated on working impression and final diagnosis. Majority of the antibiotics were empirically given (99.10%). The irrational use of antibiotics among those administered was observed in 564 cases (52.47%) (95% Cl: 49.46-55.47%). Rational use was only observed in 99 cases (19.08%). Among those not given antibiotics, 420 cases (80.92%) with adherence to antibiotic guidelines and 9 cases (52.47%) inappropriately not given antibiotics. It can also be noticed that there was an association between administration (and nonadministration) of antibiotics - and having an appropriate indication for such action (x2: 718.97, p<0.01 ). Maternal and neonatal outcomes showed that there was no noted association between the administration of antibiotics, and selected outcomes. Additional morbidity appeared to be slightly increased among those who were not given antibiotics than otherwise (z: -1.90, p: 0.60).@*CONCLUSION@#The study demonstrated that most of the antibiotic administration from January 1 to December 31, 2018
ABSTRACT
In order to provide the clinical guidelines of acute subaxial cervical spine injury for the Chinese orthopedic surgeons, the Spine Trauma Group of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons compiled this guidelines.The guidelines apply to adult patients with acute (less than 3 weeks) subaxial cervical spine and/(or) spinal cord or nerve root injuries. The Study Group wrote the guidelines by setting up questions, determining search words, screening literatures according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzing the included literatures, confirming evidence levels and then providing recommendations. The guidelines include 141 literatures, 27 Chinese articles and 114 English articles. The guidelines set up 18 questions divided into 4 sections: pre-hospital care, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment and prevention of complications, which include 39 recommendations.
ABSTRACT
In order to provide the clinical guidelines of acute subaxial cervical spine injury for the Chinese orthopedic surgeons, the Spine Trauma Group of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons compiled this guidelines.The guidelines apply to adult patients with acute (less than 3 weeks) subaxial cervical spine and/(or) spinal cord or nerve root injuries. The Study Group wrote the guidelines by setting up questions, determining search words, screening literatures according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, analyzing the included literatures, confirming evidence levels and then providing recommendations. The guidelines include 141 literatures, 27 Chinese articles and 114 English articles. The guidelines set up 18 questions divided into 4 sections: pre-hospital care, diagnosis and evaluation, treatment and prevention of complications, which include 39 recommendations.